• Name at least two differences between and the more well-known function st_read().

• Download the borders of Germany using rnaturalearth, and create a new object called .Write this new object to a file of the GeoPackage format.

• Download the global monthly minimum temperature with a spatial resolution of five minutes using the raster package.Extract the June values, and save them to a file named tmin_june.tif file (hint: use raster::subset()).

Padgham, Mark, Bob Rudis, Robin Lovelace, and Maëlle Salmon. 2018. Osmdata: Import ’Openstreetmap’ Data as Simple Features or Spatial Objects. .

Nolan, Deborah, and Duncan Temple Lang. 2014. XML and Web Technologies for Data Sciences with R. Use R! New York, NY: Springer.

Coppock, J Terry, and David W Rhind. 1991. “The History of GIS.” Geographical Information Systems: Principles and Applications, Vol. 1. 1 (1): 21–43.

• To filter features on the server before downloading them, the argument cql_filter can be used. Adding cql_filter = URLencode("F_CODE= '27'") to the command, for example, would instruct the server to only return the feature with values in the F_CODE column equal to 27.↩

• To learn more about ESRI Shapefile limitations and possible alternative file formats, visit .↩

• Using INT4U is not recommended as R does not support 32-bit unsigned integers.