Gavin had been wishing to write a book that expanded on the Yellow Paper (his technical description of the Ethereum protocol) for some time, primarily to open it up to a wider audience than the original Greek-letter-infused document could possibly allow.

    Plans were underway—a publisher had been found—when Gavin got talking to Andreas, whom he had known from the very beginning of his tenure with Ethereum as a notable personality in the space.

    Andreas had recently published the first edition of his book Mastering Bitcoin (O’Reilly), which quickly became the authoritative technical guide to Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies. Almost as soon as the book was published, his readers started asking him, “When will you write ‘Mastering Ethereum’?” Andreas was already considering his next project and found Ethereum to be a compelling technical subject.

    Finally, in May 2016, Gavin and Andreas were both coincidentally in the same city at the same time. They met up for a coffee to chat about working on the book together. With both Andreas and Gavin being devotees of the open source paradigm, they both committed to making this a collaborative effort, released under a Creative Commons license. Thankfully, the publisher, O’Reilly Media, was happy to agree, and the Mastering Ethereum project was officially launched.

    The book is intended to serve both as a reference manual and as a cover-to-cover exploration of Ethereum. The first two chapters offer a gentle introduction, suitable for novice users, and the examples in those chapters can be completed by anyone with a bit of technical skill. Those two chapters will give you a good grasp of the basics and allow you to use the fundamental tools of Ethereum. and beyond are intended mainly for programmers and include many technical topics and programming examples.

    To serve as both a reference manual and a cover-to-cover narrative about Ethereum, the book inevitably contains some duplication. Some topics, such as gas, have to be introduced early enough for the rest of the topics to make sense, but are also examined in depth in their own sections.

    Finally, the book’s index allows readers to find very specific topics and the relevant sections with ease, by keyword.

    Intended Audience

    This book is mostly intended for coders. If you can use a programming language, this book will teach you how smart contract blockchains work, how to use them, and how to develop smart contracts and decentralized applications with them. The first few chapters are also suitable as an in-depth introduction to Ethereum for noncoders.

    Conventions Used in This Book

    The following typographical conventions are used in this book:

    Italic

    Indicates new terms, URLs, email addresses, filenames, and file extensions.

    Constant width

    Used for program listings, as well as within paragraphs to refer to program elements such as variable or function names, databases, data types, environment variables, statements, and keywords.

    Shows commands or other text that should be typed literally by the user.

    Constant width italic

    Shows text that should be replaced with user-supplied values or values determined by context.

    Code Examples

    The examples are illustrated in Solidity, Vyper, and JavaScript, and using the command line of a Unix-like operating system. All code snippets are available in the GitHub repository under the code subdirectory. Fork the book code, try the code examples, or submit corrections via GitHub: https://github.com/ethereumbook/ethereumbook.

    All the code snippets can be replicated on most operating systems with a minimal installation of compilers, interpreters, and libraries for the corresponding languages. Where necessary, we provide basic installation instructions and step-by-step examples of the output of those instructions.

    Some of the code snippets and code output have been reformatted for print. In all such cases, the lines have been split by a backslash (\) character, followed by a newline character. When transcribing the examples, remove those two characters and join the lines again and you should see identical results to those shown in the example.

    This book is here to help you get your job done. In general, if example code is offered with this book, you may use it in your programs and documentation. You do not need to contact us for permission unless you’re reproducing a significant portion of the code. For example, writing a program that uses several chunks of code from this book does not require permission. Selling or distributing a CD-ROM of examples from O’Reilly books does require permission. Answering a question by citing this book and quoting example code does not require permission. Incorporating a significant amount of example code from this book into your product’s documentation does require permission.

    We appreciate, but do not require, attribution. An attribution usually includes the title, author, publisher, ISBN, and copyright. For example: “Mastering Ethereum by Andreas M. Antonopoulos and Dr. Gavin Wood (O’Reilly). Copyright 2019 The Ethereum Book LLC and Gavin Wood, 978-1-491-97194-9.”

    Mastering Ethereum is offered under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).

    If you feel your use of code examples falls outside fair use or the permission given above, feel free to contact us at .

    References to Companies and Products

    All references to companies and products are intended for educational, demonstration, and reference purposes. The authors do not endorse any of the companies or products mentioned. We have not tested the operation or security of any of the products, projects, or code segments shown in this book. Use them at your own risk!

    Ethereum Addresses and Transactions in this Book

    The Ethereum addresses, transactions, keys, QR codes, and blockchain data used in this book are, for the most part, real. That means you can browse the blockchain, look at the transactions offered as examples, retrieve them with your own scripts or programs, etc.

    However, note that the private keys used to construct the addresses printed in this book have been “burned.” This means that if you send money to any of these addresses, the money will either be lost forever or (more likely) appropriated, since anyone who reads the book can take it using the private keys printed herein.

    O’Reilly Safari

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    Contacting Andreas

    You can contact Andreas M. Antonopoulos on his personal site:

    Subscribe to Andreas’s channel on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/aantonop

    Like Andreas’s page on Facebook:

    Follow Andreas on Twitter: https://twitter.com/aantonop

    Connect with Andreas on LinkedIn:

    Contacting Gavin

    You can contact Dr. Gavin Wood on his personal site: http://gavwood.com/

    Follow Gavin on Twitter:

    Gavin generally hangs out in the Polkadot Watercooler on Riot.im: http://bit.ly/2xciG68

    Acknowledgments by Andreas

    I owe my love of words and books to my mother, Theresa, who raised me in a house with books lining every wall. My mother also bought me my first computer in 1982, despite being a self-described technophobe. My father, Menelaos, a civil engineer who published his first book at 80 years old, was the one who taught me logical and analytical thinking and a love of science and engineering.

    Thank you all for supporting me throughout this journey.

    Acknowledgments by Gavin

    My mother secured my first computer for me from a neighbor when I was 9 years old, without which my technical progress would no doubt have been lessened. I also owe her my childhood fear of electricity and must acknowledge Trevor and my grandparents, who performed the grave duty of “watching me plug it in” time after time, and without whom said computer would have been useless. I must also acknowledge the various educators I have been lucky to have through my life, from said neighbor Sean (who taught me my first computer program), to Mr. Quinn my primary school teacher, who fixed it for me to do more programming and less history, through to secondary-school teachers like Richard Furlong-Brown, who fixed it for me to do more programming and less rugby.

    I must thank the mother of my children, Jutta, for her continued support, and the many people in my life, friends new and old, that keep me, roughly speaking, sane. Finally, a huge dollop of thanks must go to Aeron Buchanan, without whom the last five years of my life could never possibly have unfolded in the way they did and without whose time, support, and guidance this book would not be in as good shape as it is.

    Sources

    This book references various public and open-licensed sources:

    https://github.com/ethereum/vyper/blob/master/README.md

    The MIT License (MIT)

    The MIT License (MIT)

    https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.4.21/common-patterns.html

    The MIT License (MIT)

    Arxiv Non-Exclusive-Distribution

    https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/blob/release/docs/contracts.rst#inheritance

    The MIT License (MIT)

    Apache 2.0

    https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/

    Creative Commons CC0

    Creative Commons CC BY 4.0