Node.js Best Practices
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1.2 Layer your components, keep the web layer within its boundaries
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2021-01-03 14:57:42
Layer your app, keep Express within its boundaries
1 min explainer: The downside of mixing layers
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1. Project Structure Practices
1.4 Separate Express ‘app’ and ‘server’
1.5 Use environment aware, secure and hierarchical config
1.1 Structure your solution by components
1.2 Layer your components, keep the web layer within its boundaries
1.3 Wrap common utilities as npm packages
2. Error Handling Practices
2.9 Discover errors and downtime using APM products
2.4 Handle errors centrally, not within a middleware
2.12 Always await promises before returning to avoid a partial stacktrace
2.11 Fail fast, validate arguments using a dedicated library
2.2 Use only the built-in Error object
2.6 Exit the process gracefully when a stranger comes to town
2.7 Use a mature logger to increase error visibility
2.10 Catch unhandled promise rejections
2.3 Distinguish operational vs programmer errors
2.5 Document API errors using Swagger or GraphQL
2.1 Use Async-Await or promises for async error handling
2.8 Test error flows using your favorite test framework
3. Code Style Practices
3.1 Use ESLint
4. Testing And Overall Quality Practices
4.3 Structure tests by the AAA pattern
4.2 Include 3 parts in each test name
4.13 Test your middlewares in isolation
4.5 Avoid global test fixtures and seeds, add data per-test
4.12 Carefully choose your CI platform (Jenkins vs CircleCI vs Travis vs Rest of the world)
4.11 Refactor regularly using static analysis tools
5. Going To Production Practices
5.4. Lock dependencies
5.13. Use tools that automatically detect vulnerabilities
5.6. Utilize all CPU cores
5.1. Monitoring
5.10. Measure and guard the memory usage
5.15. Set NODE_ENV=production
5.3. Delegate anything possible (e.g. gzip, SSL) to a reverse proxy
5.19. Install your packages with npm ci
5.12. Be stateless, kill your servers almost every day
5.18. Don’t route logs within the app
5.2. Increase transparency using smart logging
5.8. Discover errors and downtime using APM products
5.17. Use an LTS release of Node.js
5.11. Get your frontend assets out of Node
5.14. Assign a transaction id to each log statement
5.5. Guard process uptime using the right tool
5.9. Make your code production-ready
5.7. Create a ‘maintenance endpoint’
6. Security Best Practices
6.24. Prevent unsafe redirects
6.7. Constantly and automatically inspect for vulnerable dependencies
6.5. Collection of generic security best practices
6.8. Protect Users’ Passwords/Secrets using brypt or scrypt
6.20. Hide error details from clients
6.25. Avoid publishing secrets to the npm registry
6.9. Escape HTML, JS and CSS output
6.22. Modify session middleware settings
6.18. Run unsafe code in a sandbox
6.1. Embrace linter security rules
6.10. Validate incoming JSON schemas
6.14. Limit payload size using a reverse-proxy or a middleware
6.6. Adjust the HTTP response headers for enhanced security
6.3 Extract secrets from config files or use packages to encrypt them
6.19. Take extra care when working with child processes
6.4. Prevent query injection vulnerabilities with ORM/ODM libraries
6.16. Prevent evil RegEx from overloading your single thread execution
6.15. Avoid JavaScript eval statements
6.13. Run Node.js as non-root user
6.11. Support blacklisting JWTs
6.12. Prevent brute-force attacks against authorization
6.2. Limit concurrent requests using a middleware
6.17. Avoid module loading using a variable
7. Draft: Performance Best Practices
7.2. Prefer native JS methods over user-land utils like Lodash
7.1. Don’t block the event loop
8. Docker Best Practices
8.13 Clean NODE_MODULE cache
8.10. Prefer smaller Docker base images
8.7. Set memory limits using both Docker and v8
8.1 Use multi-stage builds for leaner and more secure Docker images
8.3. Let the Docker runtime handle replication and uptime
8.8. Plan for efficient caching
8.14. Generic Docker practices
8.12. Scan images for multi layers of vulnerabilities
8.5. Clean-up dependencies before production
8.9. Use explicit image reference, avoid latest tag
8.6. Shutdown smartly and gracefully
8.11. Clean-out build-time secrets, avoid secrets in args
8.15. Lint your Dockerfile
8.4. Use .dockerignore to prevent leaking secrets
8.2. Bootstrap using ‘node’ command, avoid npm start
Node.js Best Practices
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