并(union) 执行多个查询并将结果作为单个查询结果返回。
一般需要使用组合查询的情况单个查询中从不同的表类似返回结果数据
- 单个表执行多个查询,按单个查询返回数据
检索 IL,IN,MI几个洲的客户报表。
-> FROM Customers
-> WHERE cust_name = 'Fun4All';
+-----------+--------------------+-----------------------+
| cust_name | cust_contact | cust_email |
+-----------+--------------------+-----------------------+
| Fun4All | Jim Jones | jjones@fun4all.com |
| Fun4All | Denise L. Stephens | dstephens@fun4all.com |
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
把上面两条语句进行组合
解释: 中介有UNION分割开,并把输出组合成儿一个查询结果
另一个检索
mysql> SELECT cust_name, cust_contact, cust_email
-> FROM Customers
-> WHERE cust_state IN('IL','IN','MI')
+---------------+--------------------+-----------------------+
| cust_name | cust_contact | cust_email |
+---------------+--------------------+-----------------------+
| Village Toys | John Smith | sales@villagetoys.com |
| Fun4All | Jim Jones | jjones@fun4all.com |
| Fun4All | Denise L. Stephens | dstephens@fun4all.com |
| The Toy Store | Kim Howard | NULL |
+---------------+--------------------+-----------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
使用UNION规则
- 必须有两条以上SELECT语句组合,语句直接用关键字UNION分割。
- UNION中每个查询必须包含相同的列,表单式,聚集函数。
如果想要所有行,可以使用UNION ALL 而不是UNION。
与上面例子比多了一行。
mysql> SELECT cust_name, cust_contact, cust_email
-> FROM Customers
-> WHERE cust_state IN ('IL''IN','MI')
-> SELECT cust_name, cust_contact, cust_email
-> FROM Customers
-> WHERE cust_name = 'Fun4ALL'
-> ORDER BY cust_name, cust_contact;
+--------------+--------------------+-----------------------+
| cust_name | cust_contact | cust_email |
+--------------+--------------------+-----------------------+
| Fun4All | Denise L. Stephens | dstephens@fun4all.com |
| Fun4All | Jim Jones | jjones@fun4all.com |
| Village Toys | John Smith | sales@villagetoys.com |
+--------------+--------------------+-----------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)