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Nim v1.4 Manual

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Syntax

来源 1 浏览 702 扫码分享 2020-10-18 17:38:12

Nim allows user-definable operators. Binary operators have 11 different levels of precedence.

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About this document
Overloading resolution
- Overloading based on ‘var T’ / ‘out T’
- Lazy type resolution for untyped
- Varargs matching
Statements and expressions
- Statement list expression
- Case statement
- When statement
- When nimvm statement
- Return statement
- Yield statement
- Block statement
- Break statement
- While statement
- Continue statement
- Assembler statement
- Discard statement
- Using statement
- If expression
- When expression
- Case expression
- Block expression
- Table constructor
- Type conversions
- Type casts
- The addr operator
- The unsafeAddr operator
- Void context
- Var statement
- Let statement
- Tuple unpacking
- Const section
- Static statement/expression
- If statement
Procedures
- Export marker
- Var return type
- NRVO
- Overloading of the subscript operator
- Method call syntax
- Properties
- Command invocation syntax
- Closures
- Anonymous Procs
- Func
- Nonoverloadable builtins
- Var parameters
Methods
- Multi-methods
- Inhibit dynamic method resolution via procCall
Iterators and the for statement
- Implicit items/pairs invocations
- First class iterators
Converters
Type sections
Exception handling
- Try statement
- Try expression
- Except clauses
- Custom exceptions
- Defer statement
- Raise statement
- Exception hierarchy
- Imported exceptions
Effect system
- Exception tracking
- Tag tracking
- Effects pragma
Generics
- Is operator
- Type Classes
- Implicit generics
- Generic inference restrictions
- Symbol lookup in generics
- Mixin statement
- Bind statement
Definitions
Templates
- Typed vs untyped parameters
- Passing a code block to a template
- Varargs of untyped
- Symbol binding in templates
- Identifier construction
- Lookup rules for template parameters
- Hygiene in templates
- Limitations of the method call syntax
Macros
- Debug Example
- BindSym
- Case-Of Macro
- For loop macro
Special Types
- static[T]
- typedesc[T]
- typeof operator
Modules
- Scope rules
Compiler Messages
Pragmas
- deprecated pragma
- error pragma
- fatal pragma
- warning pragma
- hint pragma
- line pragma
- linearScanEnd pragma
- computedGoto pragma
- immediate pragma
- compilation option pragmas
- push and pop pragmas
- noSideEffect pragma
- register pragma
- global pragma
- Disabling certain messages
- used pragma
- experimental pragma
- compileTime pragma
- noReturn pragma
- acyclic pragma
- final pragma
- shallow pragma
- pure pragma
- asmNoStackFrame pragma
Implementation Specific Pragmas
- Bitsize pragma
- LocalPassc pragma
- PassL pragma
- Emit pragma
- ImportCpp pragma
- ImportJs pragma
- ImportObjC pragma
- CodegenDecl pragma
- InjectStmt pragma
- compile time define pragmas
- Align pragma
- Volatile pragma
- NoDecl pragma
- Header pragma
- IncompleteStruct pragma
- Compile pragma
- Link pragma
- PassC pragma
User-defined pragmas
- pragma pragma
- Custom annotations
- Macro pragmas
Foreign function interface
- Importc pragma
- Dynlib pragma for export
- Exportc pragma
- Extern pragma
- Bycopy pragma
- Byref pragma
- Varargs pragma
- Union pragma
- Packed pragma
- Dynlib pragma for import
Threads
- Thread pragma
- GC safety
- Threadvar pragma
- Threads and exceptions
Lexical Analysis
- Encoding
- Generalized raw string literals
- Character literals
- Numerical constants
- Operators
- Other tokens
- Indentation
- Comments
- Multiline comments
- Identifiers & Keywords
- Identifier equality
- String literals
- Triple quoted string literals
- Raw string literals
Syntax
- Associativity
- Precedence
- Grammar
Order of evaluation
Constants and Constant Expressions
Restrictions on Compile-Time Execution
Types
- Ordinal types
- Structured types
- Array and sequence types
- Open arrays
- Varargs
- Unchecked arrays
- Tuples and object types
- Object construction
- Object variants
- Set type
- Reference and pointer types
- Pre-defined integer types
- Mixing GC’ed memory with ptr
- Procedural type
- Distinct type
- Auto type
- Subrange types
- Pre-defined floating point types
- Boolean type
- Character type
- Enumeration types
- String type
- cstring type
Type relations
- Type equality
- Type equality modulo type distinction
- Subtype relation
- Convertible relation
- Assignment compatibility

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