any()判断集合至少有一个元素

    如果该集合至少有一个元素,返回true,否则返回false

    代码示例:

    1. >>> val emptyList = listOf<Int>()
    2. >>> emptyList.any()
    3. false
    4. >>> val list1 = listOf(1)
    5. >>> list1.any()
    6. true

    any(predicate: (T) -> Boolean) 判断集合中是否有满足条件的元素

    这个函数定义如下:

    1. public inline fun <T> Iterable<T>.any(predicate: (T) -> Boolean): Boolean {
    2. for (element in this) if (predicate(element)) return true
    3. return false
    4. }

    如果该集合中至少有一个元素匹配谓词函数参数predicate: (T) -> Boolean,返回true,否则返回false。

    代码示例:

    1. >>> val list = listOf(1, 2, 3)
    2. >>> list.any() // 至少有1个元素
    3. true
    4. >>> list.any({it%2==0}) // 元素2满足{it%2==0}
    5. true
    6. >>> list.any({it>4}) // 没有元素满足{it>4}
    7. false

    all(predicate: (T) -> Boolean) 判断集合中的元素是否都满足条件

    函数定义:

    1. public inline fun <T> Iterable<T>.all(predicate: (T) -> Boolean): Boolean {
    2. for (element in this) if (!predicate(element)) return false
    3. return true
    4. }

    当且仅当该集合中所有元素都满足条件时,返回true;否则都返回false

    代码示例:

    1. >>> val list = listOf(0,2,4,6,8)
    2. >>> list.all({it%2==0})
    3. true
    4. >>> list.all({it>2})
    5. false

    none()判断集合无元素

    函数定义:

    1. public fun <T> Iterable<T>.none(): Boolean {
    2. for (element in this) return false
    3. return true
    4. }

    如果该集合没有任何元素,返回true,否则返回false

    代码示例:

    1. >>> val list = listOf<Int>()
    2. >>> list.none()
    3. true

    none(predicate: (T) -> Boolean)判断集合中所有元素都不满足条件

    函数定义:

    1. public inline fun <T> Iterable<T>.none(predicate: (T) -> Boolean): Boolean {
    2. for (element in this) if (predicate(element)) return false
    3. return true
    4. }

    当且仅当集合中所有元素都不满足条件时返回true,否则返回false

    代码示例:

    1. >>> val list = listOf(0,2,4,6,8)
    2. >>> list.none({it%2==1})
    3. true
    4. >>> list.none({it>0})
    5. false

    count() 计算集合中元素的个数

    函数定义:

    1. public fun <T> Iterable<T>.count(): Int {
    2. var count = 0
    3. for (element in this) count++
    4. return count
    5. }

    代码示例:

    1. >>> val list = listOf(0,2,4,6,8,9)
    2. >>> list.count()
    3. 6

    count(predicate: (T) -> Boolean) 计算集合中满足条件的元素的个数

    函数定义:

    1. >>> val list = listOf(0,2,4,6,8,9)
    2. >>> list.count()
    3. 6
    4. >>> list.count({it%2==0})
    5. 5

    reduce从第一项到最后一项进行累计运算

    函数定义:

    1. public inline fun <S, T: S> Iterable<T>.reduce(operation: (acc: S, T) -> S): S {
    2. var accumulator: S = iterator.next()
    3. while (iterator.hasNext()) {
    4. accumulator = operation(accumulator, iterator.next())
    5. }
    6. return accumulator
    7. }

    首先把第一个元素赋值给累加子accumulator,然后逐次向后取元素累加,新值继续赋值给累加子accumulator = operation(accumulator, iterator.next()),以此类推。最后返回累加子的值。

    代码示例:

    1. >>> val list = listOf(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)
    2. >>> list.reduce({sum, next->sum+next})
    3. 45
    4. >>> list.reduce({sum, next->sum*next})
    5. 362880
    6. >>> val list = listOf("a","b","c")
    7. >>> list.reduce({total, s->total+s})
    8. abc

    reduceRight从最后一项到第一项进行累计运算

    函数定义:

    1. public inline fun <S, T: S> List<T>.reduceRight(operation: (T, acc: S) -> S): S {
    2. val iterator = listIterator(size)
    3. if (!iterator.hasPrevious())
    4. throw UnsupportedOperationException("Empty list can't be reduced.")
    5. var accumulator: S = iterator.previous()
    6. while (iterator.hasPrevious()) {
    7. accumulator = operation(iterator.previous(), accumulator)
    8. }
    9. return accumulator
    10. }

    从函数的定义accumulator = operation(iterator.previous(), accumulator), 我们可以看出,从右边累计运算的累加子是放在后面的。

    代码示例:

    1. >>> val list = listOf("a","b","c")
    2. >>> list.reduceRight({total, s -> s+total})
    3. cba

    如果我们位置放错了,会输出下面的结果:

    1. >>> list.reduceRight({total, s -> total+s})
    2. abc

    fold(initial: R, operation: (acc: R, T) -> R): R 带初始值的reduce

    函数定义:

    1. public inline fun <T, R> Iterable<T>.fold(initial: R, operation: (acc: R, T) -> R): R {
    2. var accumulator = initial
    3. for (element in this) accumulator = operation(accumulator, element)
    4. return accumulator
    5. }

    从函数的定义,我们可以看出,fold函数给累加子赋了初始值initial

    代码示例:

    1. >>> val list=listOf(1,2,3,4)
    2. >>> list.fold(100,{total, next -> next + total})
    3. 110

    foldRightreduceRight类似,有初始值。

    函数定义:

    1. public inline fun <T, R> List<T>.foldRight(initial: R, operation: (T, acc: R) -> R): R {
    2. var accumulator = initial
    3. if (!isEmpty()) {
    4. val iterator = listIterator(size)
    5. while (iterator.hasPrevious()) {
    6. accumulator = operation(iterator.previous(), accumulator)
    7. }
    8. }
    9. return accumulator
    10. }

    代码示例:

    1. >>> val list = listOf("a","b","c")
    2. >>> list.foldRight("xyz",{s, pre -> pre + s})
    3. xyzcba

    forEach(action: (T) -> Unit): Unit 循环遍历元素,元素是it

    我们在前文已经讲述,参看5.3.4。

    再写个代码示例:

    1. >>> val list = listOf(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
    2. >>> list.forEach { value -> if (value > 7) println(value) }
    3. 8
    4. 9

    forEachIndexed 带index(下标) 的元素遍历

    函数定义:

    代码示例:

    1. >>> val list = listOf(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
    2. >>> list.forEachIndexed { index, value -> if (value > 8) println("value of index $index is $value, greater than 8") }
    3. value of index 9 is 9, greater than 8

    max 、min查询最大、最小的元素,空集则返回null

    1. public fun <T : Comparable<T>> Iterable<T>.max(): T? {
    2. val iterator = iterator()
    3. if (!iterator.hasNext()) return null
    4. var max = iterator.next()
    5. while (iterator.hasNext()) {
    6. val e = iterator.next()
    7. if (max < e) max = e
    8. }
    9. return max
    10. }

    返回集合中最大的元素。

    代码示例:

    1. >>> val list = listOf(1,2,3)
    2. >>> list.max()
    3. 3
    4. >>> val list = listOf("a","b","c")
    5. c

    min函数定义:

    1. val iterator = iterator()
    2. if (!iterator.hasNext()) return null
    3. var min = iterator.next()
    4. while (iterator.hasNext()) {
    5. val e = iterator.next()
    6. if (min > e) min = e
    7. }
    8. return min
    9. }

    返回集合中的最小元素。

    代码示例:

    1. >>> val list = listOf(1,2,3)
    2. >>> list.min()
    3. 1
    4. >>> val list = listOf("a","b","c")
    5. >>> list.min()
    6. a

    在Kotlin中,字符串的大小比较比较有意思的,我们直接通过代码示例来学习一下:

    1. >>> "c" > "a"
    2. true
    3. >>> "abd" > "abc"
    4. true
    5. >>> "abd" > "abcd"
    6. true
    7. >>> "abd" > "abcdefg"
    8. true

    我们可以看出,字符串的大小比较是按照对应的下标的字符进行比较的。 另外,布尔值的比较是true大于false

    1. >>> true > false
    2. true

    maxBy(selector: (T) -> R): T?minBy(selector: (T) -> R): T?获取函数映射结果的最大值、最小值对应的那个元素的值,如果没有则返回null

    函数定义:

    1. public inline fun <T, R : Comparable<R>> Iterable<T>.maxBy(selector: (T) -> R): T? {
    2. val iterator = iterator()
    3. if (!iterator.hasNext()) return null
    4. var maxElem = iterator.next()
    5. var maxValue = selector(maxElem)
    6. while (iterator.hasNext()) {
    7. val e = iterator.next()
    8. val v = selector(e)
    9. if (maxValue < v) {
    10. maxElem = e
    11. maxValue = v
    12. }
    13. }
    14. return maxElem
    15. }

    也就是说,不直接比较集合元素的大小,而是以集合元素为入参的函数selector: (T) -> R 返回值来比较大小,最后返回此元素的值(注意,不是对应的selector函数的返回值)。有点像数学里的求函数最值问题:

    给定函数 y = f(x) , 求max f(x)x的值。

    代码示例:

    1. >>> val list = listOf(100,-500,300,200)
    2. >>> list.maxBy({it})
    3. 300
    4. >>> list.maxBy({it*(1-it)})
    5. 100
    6. >>> list.maxBy({it*it})
    7. -500

    对应的 minBy 是获取函数映射后返回结果的最小值所对应那个元素的值,如果没有则返回null。

    代码示例:

    1. >>> val list = listOf(100,-500,300,200)
    2. >>> list.minBy({it})
    3. -500
    4. >>> list.minBy({it*(1-it)})
    5. -500
    6. >>> list.minBy({it*it})
    7. 100

    sumBy(selector: (T) -> Int): Int 获取函数映射值的总和

    函数定义:

    1. public inline fun <T> Iterable<T>.sumBy(selector: (T) -> Int): Int {
    2. var sum: Int = 0
    3. for (element in this) {
    4. sum += selector(element)
    5. }
    6. return sum
    7. }

    可以看出,这个sumBy函数算子,累加器sum初始值为0,返回值是Int。它的入参selector是一个函数类型(T) -> Int,也就是说这个selector也是返回Int类型的函数。

    代码示例:

    类型错误反例:

    1. >>> val list = listOf("a","b","c")
    2. >>> list.sumBy({it})
    3. error: type inference failed: inline fun <T> Iterable<T>.sumBy(selector: (T) -> Int): Int
    4. cannot be applied to
    5. receiver: List<String> arguments: ((String) -> String)
    6. list.sumBy({it})
    7. ^
    8. error: type mismatch: inferred type is (String) -> String but (String) -> Int was expected