关键字

    关键字是 SQL 语句中具有特殊含义的单词，例如 ，UPDATE，DELETE 等等。它们之中有的能够直接作为标识符，被称为非保留关键字（简称非保留字），但有需要经过特殊处理才能作为标识符的字，被称为保留关键字（简称保留字）。

    对于保留字，必须使用反引号包裹，才能作为标识符被使用。例如：

    1. ERROR 1105 (HY000): line 0 column 19 near " (a INT)" (total length 27)

    而非保留字则不需要反引号也能直接作为标识符。例如 BEGIN 和 END 是非保留字，以下语句能够正常执行：

    1. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

    有一种特殊情况，如果使用了限定符 ，那么也不需要用反引号：

    1. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)

    下表列出了 TiDB 中所有的关键字。其中保留字用 (R) 来标识。的保留字用 (R-Window) 来标识：

    A

    • ACCOUNT
    • ACTION
    • ADD (R)
    • ADMIN (R)
    • ADVISE
    • AFTER
    • AGAINST
    • AGO
    • ALGORITHM
    • ALL (R)
    • ALTER (R)
    • ALWAYS
    • ANALYZE (R)
    • AND (R)
    • ANY
    • AS (R)
    • ASC (R)
    • ASCII
    • AUTO_ID_CACHE
    • AUTO_INCREMENT
    • AUTO_RANDOM
    • AUTO_RANDOM_BASE
    • AVG
    • AVG_ROW_LENGTH

    • BACKEND
    • BACKUP
    • BACKUPS
    • BEGIN
    • BETWEEN (R)
    • BIGINT (R)
    • BINARY (R)
    • BINDING
    • BINDINGS
    • BINLOG
    • BIT
    • BLOB (R)
    • BLOCK
    • BOOL
    • BOOLEAN
    • BOTH (R)
    • BTREE
    • BUCKETS (R)
    • BUILTINS (R)
    • BY (R)
    • BYTE

    C

    • CACHE
    • CANCEL (R)
    • CAPTURE
    • CASCADE (R)
    • CASCADED
    • CASE (R)
    • CHAIN
    • CHANGE (R)
    • CHAR (R)
    • CHARACTER (R)
    • CHARSET
    • CHECK (R)
    • CHECKPOINT
    • CHECKSUM
    • CIPHER
    • CLEANUP
    • CLIENT
    • CMSKETCH (R)
    • COALESCE
    • COLLATE (R)
    • COLLATION
    • COLUMN (R)
    • COLUMNS
    • COLUMN_FORMAT
    • COMMENT
    • COMMIT
    • COMMITTED
    • COMPACT
    • COMPRESSED
    • COMPRESSION
    • CONCURRENCY
    • CONFIG
    • CONNECTION
    • CONSISTENT
    • CONSTRAINT (R)
    • CONTEXT
    • CONVERT (R)
    • CPU
    • CREATE (R)
    • CROSS (R)
    • CSV_BACKSLASH_ESCAPE
    • CSV_DELIMITER
    • CSV_HEADER
    • CSV_NOT_NULL
    • CSV_NULL
    • CSV_SEPARATOR
    • CSV_TRIM_LAST_SEPARATORS
    • CUME_DIST (R-Window)
    • CURRENT
    • CURRENT_DATE (R)
    • CURRENT_ROLE (R)
    • CURRENT_TIME (R)
    • CURRENT_TIMESTAMP (R)
    • CURRENT_USER (R)
    • CYCLE

    • DATA
    • DATABASE (R)
    • DATABASES (R)
    • DATE
    • DATETIME
    • DAY
    • DAY_HOUR (R)
    • DAY_MICROSECOND (R)
    • DAY_MINUTE (R)
    • DAY_SECOND (R)
    • DDL (R)
    • DEALLOCATE
    • DECIMAL (R)
    • DEFAULT (R)
    • DEFINER
    • DELAYED (R)
    • DELAY_KEY_WRITE
    • DELETE (R)
    • DENSE_RANK (R-Window)
    • DEPTH (R)
    • DESC (R)
    • DESCRIBE (R)
    • DIRECTORY
    • DISABLE
    • DISCARD
    • DISK
    • DISTINCT (R)
    • DISTINCTROW (R)
    • DIV (R)
    • DO
    • DOUBLE (R)
    • DRAINER (R)
    • DROP (R)
    • DUAL (R)
    • DUPLICATE
    • DYNAMIC
    • ELSE (R)
    • ENABLE
    • ENCLOSED (R)
    • ENCRYPTION
    • END
    • ENFORCED
    • ENGINE
    • ENGINES
    • ENUM
    • ERROR
    • ERRORS
    • ESCAPE
    • ESCAPED (R)
    • EVENT
    • EVENTS
    • EVOLVE
    • EXCEPT (R)
    • EXCHANGE
    • EXCLUSIVE
    • EXECUTE
    • EXISTS (R)
    • EXPANSION
    • EXPIRE
    • EXPLAIN (R)
    • EXTENDED

    F

    • FALSE (R)
    • FAULTS
    • FIELDS
    • FILE
    • FIRST
    • FIRST_VALUE (R-Window)
    • FIXED
    • FLOAT (R)
    • FLUSH
    • FOLLOWING
    • FOR (R)
    • FORCE (R)
    • FOREIGN (R)
    • FORMAT
    • FROM (R)
    • FULLTEXT (R)
    • FUNCTION

    • GENERAL
    • GENERATED (R)
    • GLOBAL
    • GRANT (R)
    • GRANTS
    • GROUP (R)
    • GROUPS (R-Window)

    H

    • HASH
    • HAVING (R)
    • HIGH_PRIORITY (R)
    • HISTORY
    • HOSTS
    • HOUR
    • HOUR_MICROSECOND (R)
    • HOUR_MINUTE (R)
    • HOUR_SECOND (R)

    • IDENTIFIED
    • IF (R)
    • IGNORE (R)
    • IMPORT
    • IMPORTS
    • IN (R)
    • INCREMENT
    • INCREMENTAL
    • INDEX (R)
    • INDEXES
    • INFILE (R)
    • INNER (R)
    • INSERT (R)
    • INSERT_METHOD
    • INSTANCE
    • INT (R)
    • INT1 (R)
    • INT2 (R)
    • INT3 (R)
    • INT4 (R)
    • INT8 (R)
    • INTEGER (R)
    • INTERVAL (R)
    • INTO (R)
    • INVISIBLE
    • INVOKER
    • IO
    • IPC
    • IS (R)
    • ISOLATION
    • ISSUER

    J

    • JOB (R)
    • JOBS (R)
    • JOIN (R)
    • JSON

    • KEY (R)
    • KEYS (R)
    • KEY_BLOCK_SIZE
    • KILL (R)

    L

    • LABELS
    • LAG (R-Window)
    • LANGUAGE
    • LAST
    • LASTVAL
    • LAST_BACKUP
    • LAST_VALUE (R-Window)
    • LEAD (R-Window)
    • LEADING (R)
    • LEFT (R)
    • LESS
    • LEVEL
    • LIKE (R)
    • LIMIT (R)
    • LINEAR (R)
    • LINES (R)
    • LIST
    • LOAD (R)
    • LOCAL
    • LOCALTIME (R)
    • LOCALTIMESTAMP (R)
    • LOCATION
    • LOCK (R)
    • LOGS
    • LONG (R)
    • LONGBLOB (R)
    • LONGTEXT (R)
    • LOW_PRIORITY (R)

    • MASTER
    • MATCH (R)
    • MAXVALUE (R)
    • MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR
    • MAX_IDXNUM
    • MAX_MINUTES
    • MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR
    • MAX_ROWS
    • MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR
    • MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS
    • MB
    • MEDIUMBLOB (R)
    • MEDIUMINT (R)
    • MEDIUMTEXT (R)
    • MEMORY
    • MERGE
    • MICROSECOND
    • MINUTE
    • MINUTE_MICROSECOND (R)
    • MINUTE_SECOND (R)
    • MINVALUE
    • MIN_ROWS
    • MOD (R)
    • MODE
    • MODIFY
    • MONTH

    N

    • NAMES
    • NATIONAL
    • NATURAL (R)
    • NCHAR
    • NEVER
    • NEXT
    • NEXTVAL
    • NO
    • NOCACHE
    • NOCYCLE
    • NODEGROUP
    • NODE_ID (R)
    • NODE_STATE (R)
    • NOMAXVALUE
    • NOMINVALUE
    • NONE
    • NOT (R)
    • NOWAIT
    • NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG (R)
    • NTH_VALUE (R-Window)
    • NTILE (R-Window)
    • NULL (R)
    • NULLS
    • NUMERIC (R)
    • NVARCHAR
    • OFFSET
    • ON (R)
    • ONLINE
    • ONLY
    • ON_DUPLICATE
    • OPEN
    • OPTIMISTIC (R)
    • OPTIMIZE (R)
    • OPTION (R)
    • OPTIONALLY (R)
    • OR (R)
    • ORDER (R)
    • OUTER (R)
    • OUTFILE (R)
    • OVER (R-Window)

    • PACK_KEYS
    • PAGE
    • PARSER
    • PARTIAL
    • PARTITION (R)
    • PARTITIONING
    • PARTITIONS
    • PASSWORD
    • PERCENT_RANK (R-Window)
    • PER_DB
    • PER_TABLE
    • PESSIMISTIC (R)
    • PLUGINS
    • PRECEDING
    • PRECISION (R)
    • PREPARE
    • PRE_SPLIT_REGIONS
    • PRIMARY (R)
    • PRIVILEGES
    • PROCEDURE (R)
    • PROCESS
    • PROCESSLIST
    • PROFILE
    • PROFILES
    • PUMP (R)

    Q

    • QUARTER
    • QUERIES
    • QUERY
    • QUICK

    • RANK (R-Window)
    • RATE_LIMIT
    • READ (R)
    • REAL (R)
    • REBUILD
    • RECOVER
    • REDUNDANT
    • REFERENCES (R)
    • REGEXP (R)
    • REGION (R)
    • REGIONS (R)
    • RELEASE (R)
    • RELOAD
    • REMOVE
    • RENAME (R)
    • REORGANIZE
    • REPAIR
    • REPEAT (R)
    • REPEATABLE
    • REPLACE (R)
    • REPLICA
    • REPLICATION
    • REQUIRE (R)
    • RESPECT
    • RESTORE
    • RESTORES
    • RESTRICT (R)
    • REVERSE
    • REVOKE (R)
    • RIGHT (R)
    • RLIKE (R)
    • ROLE
    • ROLLBACK
    • ROUTINE
    • ROW (R)
    • ROWS (R-Window)
    • ROW_COUNT
    • ROW_FORMAT
    • ROW_NUMBER (R-Window)
    • RTREE

    S

    • SAMPLES (R)
    • SECOND
    • SECONDARY_ENGINE
    • SECONDARY_LOAD
    • SECONDARY_UNLOAD
    • SECOND_MICROSECOND (R)
    • SECURITY
    • SELECT (R)
    • SEND_CREDENTIALS_TO_TIKV
    • SEPARATOR
    • SEQUENCE
    • SERIAL
    • SERIALIZABLE
    • SESSION
    • SET (R)
    • SETVAL
    • SHARD_ROW_ID_BITS
    • SHARE
    • SHARED
    • SHOW (R)
    • SHUTDOWN
    • SIGNED
    • SIMPLE
    • SKIP_SCHEMA_FILES
    • SLAVE
    • SLOW
    • SMALLINT (R)
    • SNAPSHOT
    • SOME
    • SOURCE
    • SPATIAL (R)
    • SPLIT (R)
    • SQL (R)
    • SQL_BIG_RESULT (R)
    • SQL_BUFFER_RESULT
    • SQL_CACHE
    • SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS (R)
    • SQL_NO_CACHE
    • SQL_SMALL_RESULT (R)
    • SQL_TSI_DAY
    • SQL_TSI_HOUR
    • SQL_TSI_MINUTE
    • SQL_TSI_MONTH
    • SQL_TSI_QUARTER
    • SQL_TSI_SECOND
    • SQL_TSI_WEEK
    • SQL_TSI_YEAR
    • SSL (R)
    • START
    • STARTING (R)
    • STATS (R)
    • STATS_AUTO_RECALC
    • STATS_BUCKETS (R)
    • STATS_HEALTHY (R)
    • STATS_HISTOGRAMS (R)
    • STATS_META (R)
    • STATS_PERSISTENT
    • STATS_SAMPLE_PAGES
    • STATUS
    • STORAGE
    • STORED (R)
    • STRAIGHT_JOIN (R)
    • STRICT_FORMAT
    • SUBJECT
    • SUBPARTITION
    • SUBPARTITIONS
    • SUPER
    • SWAPS
    • SWITCHES
    • SYSTEM_TIME

    • TABLE (R)
    • TABLES
    • TABLESPACE
    • TABLE_CHECKSUM
    • TEMPORARY
    • TEMPTABLE
    • TERMINATED (R)
    • TEXT
    • THAN
    • THEN (R)
    • TIDB (R)
    • TIFLASH (R)
    • TIKV_IMPORTER
    • TIME
    • TIMESTAMP
    • TINYBLOB (R)
    • TINYINT (R)
    • TINYTEXT (R)
    • TO (R)
    • TOPN (R)
    • TRACE
    • TRADITIONAL
    • TRAILING (R)
    • TRANSACTION
    • TRIGGER (R)
    • TRIGGERS
    • TRUE (R)
    • TRUNCATE
    • TYPE

    U

    • UNBOUNDED
    • UNCOMMITTED
    • UNDEFINED
    • UNICODE
    • UNION (R)
    • UNIQUE (R)
    • UNKNOWN
    • UNLOCK (R)
    • UNSIGNED (R)
    • UPDATE (R)
    • USAGE (R)
    • USE (R)
    • USER
    • USING (R)
    • UTC_DATE (R)
    • UTC_TIME (R)
    • UTC_TIMESTAMP (R)

    • VALIDATION
    • VALUE
    • VALUES (R)
    • VARBINARY (R)
    • VARCHAR (R)
    • VARCHARACTER (R)
    • VARIABLES
    • VARYING (R)
    • VIEW
    • VIRTUAL (R)
    • VISIBLE

    W

    • WARNINGS
    • WEEK
    • WEIGHT_STRING
    • WHEN (R)
    • WHERE (R)
    • WIDTH (R)
    • WINDOW (R-Window)
    • WITH (R)
    • WITHOUT
    • WRITE (R)

    • X509
    • XOR (R)
    • YEAR

    Z

    • ZEROFILL (R)