Django快捷函数

render(request, template_name, context=None, content_type=None, status=None, using=None)[源代码]
将给定的模板与给定的上下文字典组合在一起，并以渲染的文本返回一个 HttpResponse 对象。

Django没有提供返回~django.template.response.TemplateResponse 的快捷函数，因为~django.template.response.TemplateResponse 的构造函数提供了与render()`相同的方便程度。

request
用于生成此响应的请求对象。
template_name
要使用的模板的全名或模板名称的序列。如果给定一个序列，则将使用存在的第一个模板。有关如何查找模板的更多信息，请参见 template loading documentation 。

可选参数

context
要添加到模板上下文的值的字典。默认情况下，这是一个空的字典。如果字典中的值是可调用的，则视图将在渲染模板之前调用它。
content_type
用于结果文档的MIME类型默认为：设置DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE 设置的值。
status
响应的状态代码默认为“200”。
using
用于加载模板的模板引擎的 `NAME ` 。

下面的示例使用MIME类型呈现模板myapp/index.html application/xhtml+xml：

此示例相当于：

from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.template import loader
 
def my_view(request):
    # View code here...
    c = {'foo': 'bar'}
    return HttpResponse(t.render(c, request), content_type='application/xhtml+xml')

renderto_response(_template_name, context=None, content_type=None, status=None, using=None)

2.0 版后已移除.

该函数之前引入了render ，并类似地工作，只是它不使响应中的 request 可用。

redirect(to, permanent=False, *args, **kwargs)
将一个返回到传递的参数的适当URL。

A model: the model's get_absolute_url()function will be called.
A view name, possibly with arguments: will beused to reverse-resolve the name.
An absolute or relative URL, which will be used as-is for the redirectlocation.
By default issues a temporary redirect; pass permanent=True to issue apermanent redirect.

示例

You can use the function in a number of ways.

By passing some object; that object'sget_absolute_url() method will be calledto figure out the redirect URL:

from django.shortcuts import redirect
 
def my_view(request):
    ...
    obj = MyModel.objects.get(...)
    return redirect(obj)

By passing the name of a view and optionally some positional orkeyword arguments; the URL will be reverse resolved using the method:

def my_view(request):
    ...
    return redirect('some-view-name', foo='bar')

By passing a hardcoded URL to redirect to:

def my_view(request):
    ...
    return redirect('/some/url/')

This also works with full URLs:

By default, redirect() returns a temporary redirect. All of the aboveforms accept a permanent argument; if set to True a permanent redirectwill be returned:

def my_view(request):
    ...
    obj = MyModel.objects.get(...)
    return redirect(obj, permanent=True)

getobject_or_404(_klass, *args, **kwargs)
Calls on a given model manager,but it raises Http404 instead of the model's exception.

klass
A Model class,a ,or a QuerySet instance from which to getthe object.
Lookup parameters, which should be in the format accepted by get() andfilter().

例如

The following example gets the object with the primary key of 1 from:

from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
 
def my_view(request):
    obj = get_object_or_404(MyModel, pk=1)

此示例相当于：

from django.http import Http404
 
def my_view(request):
    try:
        obj = MyModel.objects.get(pk=1)
    except MyModel.DoesNotExist:
        raise Http404("No MyModel matches the given query.")

queryset = Book.objects.filter(title__startswith='M')
get_object_or_404(queryset, pk=1)

The above example is a bit contrived since it's equivalent to doing:

but it can be useful if you are passed the queryset variable from somewhereelse.

Finally, you can also use a Manager. This is usefulfor example if you have a:

get_object_or_404(Book.dahl_objects, title='Matilda')

You can also userelated managers:

author = Author.objects.get(name='Roald Dahl')
get_object_or_404(author.book_set, title='Matilda')

Note: As with get(), a exceptionwill be raised if more than one object is found.

getlist_or_404(_klass, *args, **kwargs)[源代码]
Returns the result of filter() on agiven model manager cast to a list, raising ifthe resulting list is empty.

klass
A Model, orQuerySet instance from which to get thelist.
**kwargs
Lookup parameters, which should be in the format accepted by get() and.

例如

from django.shortcuts import get_list_or_404
 
def my_view(request):
    my_objects = get_list_or_404(MyModel, published=True)

此示例相当于：

from django.http import Http404
 
def my_view(request):
    my_objects = list(MyModel.objects.filter(published=True))
    if not my_objects: