Install Istio with the Istio CNI plugin

By default Istio injects an , istio-init, in pods deployed in the mesh. The istio-init container sets up the pod network traffic redirection to/from the Istio sidecar proxy. This requires the user or service-account deploying pods to the mesh to have sufficient Kubernetes RBAC permissions to deploy containers with the NET_ADMIN and NET_RAW capabilities. Requiring Istio users to have elevated Kubernetes RBAC permissions is problematic for some organizations’ security compliance. The Istio CNI plugin is a replacement for the istio-init container that performs the same networking functionality but without requiring Istio users to enable elevated Kubernetes RBAC permissions.

The Istio CNI plugin performs the Istio mesh pod traffic redirection in the Kubernetes pod lifecycle’s network setup phase, thereby removing the for users deploying pods into the Istio mesh. The Istio CNI plugin replaces the functionality provided by the istio-init container.

1. Install Kubernetes with the container runtime supporting CNI and kubelet configured with the main CNI plugin enabled via --network-plugin=cni.

   • AWS EKS, Azure AKS, and IBM Cloud IKS clusters have this capability.
   • Google Cloud GKE clusters require that the feature is enabled to have Kubernetes configured with network-plugin=cni.
   • OpenShift has CNI enabled by default.

2. Install Kubernetes with the ServiceAccount admission controller enabled.

   • The Kubernetes documentation highly recommends this for all Kubernetes installations where ServiceAccounts are utilized.

Basic Installation

In most environments, a basic Istio cluster with CNI enabled can be installed using the following command:

1. Install Istio CNI and Istio using istioctl. Refer to the Istio install instructions and pass --set components.cni.enabled=true option. Pass --set values.cni.cniBinDir=... and/or --set values.cni.cniConfDir=... options when installing istio-cni if non-default, as determined in the previous step.

The following table shows all the options that the istio-cni configuration supports:

These options are accessed through values.cni.<option-name> in istioctl manifest commands, either as a --set flag, or the corresponding path in a custom overlay file.

Excluding specific Kubernetes namespaces

This example uses istioctl to perform the following tasks:

• Install the Istio CNI plugin.
• Configure its log level.
• Ignore the pods in the following namespaces:
  • istio-system
  • foo_ns
  • bar_ns

Refer to the Customizable Install with Istioctl for complete instructions.

Use the following command to render and apply Istio CNI components and override the default configuration of the logLevel and excludeNamespaces parameters for istio-cni:

Create a IstioOperator CR yaml locally with your override to install istio, e.g. cni.yaml

apiVersion: install.istio.io/v1alpha1
kind: IstioOperator
spec:
  components:
    cni:
      enabled: true
  values:
    cni:
      excludeNamespaces:
       - istio-system
       - kube-system
       - foo_ns
       - bar_ns
      logLevel: info

Hosted Kubernetes settings

1. Install Istio CNI via Istioctl including the --set values.cni.cniBinDir=/home/kubernetes/bin option. For example, the following istioctl manifest command sets the values.cni.cniBinDir value for a GKE cluster:

   $ istioctl install --set values.cni.cniBinDir=/home/kubernetes/bin \
       --set components.cni.enabled=true \
       --set components.cni.namespace=kube-system

Sidecar injection compatibility

The use of the Istio CNI plugin requires Kubernetes pods to be deployed with a sidecar injection method that uses the istio-sidecar-injector configmap created from the installation with the --set cni.enabled=true option. Refer to for details about Istio sidecar injection methods.

The following sidecar injection methods are supported for use with the Istio CNI plugin:

1. Automatic sidecar injection

2. Manual sidecar injection with the istio-sidecar-injector configmap

   1. using the configmap directly:

   2. istioctl kube-inject using a file created from the configmap:

      $ kubectl -n istio-system get configmap istio-sidecar-injector -o=jsonpath='{.data.config}' > inject-config.yaml
      $ istioctl kube-inject -f deployment.yaml -o deployment-injected.yaml --injectConfigFile inject-config.yaml
      $ kubectl apply -f deployment-injected.yaml

The Istio CNI plugin handles Kubernetes pod create and delete events and does the following:

1. Identify Istio user application pods with Istio sidecars requiring traffic redirection
2. Perform pod network namespace configuration to redirect traffic to/from the Istio sidecar

Identifying pods requiring traffic redirection

The Istio CNI plugin identifies pods requiring traffic redirection to/from the accompanying Istio proxy sidecar by checking that the pod meets all of the following conditions:

1. The pod is NOT in a Kubernetes namespace in the configured exclude_namespaces list.
2. The pod has a container named istio-proxy.
3. The pod has more than 1 container.
4. The pod has no annotation with key sidecar.istio.io/inject OR the value of the annotation is true.

Traffic redirection parameters

To redirect traffic in the application pod’s network namespace to/from the Istio proxy sidecar, the Istio CNI plugin configures the namespace’s iptables. The following table describes the parameters to the redirect functionality. To override the default values for the parameters, set the corresponding application pod annotation key.

The Istio CNI plugin runs in the container runtime process space. Due to this, the kubelet process writes the plugin’s log entries into its log.

Compatibility with application init containers

The Istio CNI plugin may cause networking connectivity problems for any application initContainers. When using Istio CNI, kubelet starts an injected pod with the following steps:

1. The Istio CNI plugin sets up traffic redirection to the Istio sidecar proxy within the pod.
2. All init containers execute and complete successfully.
3. The Istio sidecar proxy starts in the pod along with the pod’s other containers.

• Set the traffic.sidecar.istio.io/excludeOutboundIPRanges annotation to disable redirecting traffic to any CIDRs the init containers communicate with.

Compatibility with other CNI plugins

The Istio CNI plugin maintains compatibility with the same set of CNI plugins as the current istio-init container which requires the NET_ADMIN and NET_RAW capabilities.

The Istio CNI plugin operates as a chained CNI plugin. This means its configuration is added to the existing CNI plugins configuration as a new configuration list element. See the CNI specification reference for further details. When a pod is created or deleted, the container runtime invokes each plugin in the list in order. The Istio CNI plugin only performs actions to setup the application pod’s traffic redirection to the injected Istio proxy sidecar (using iptables in the pod’s network namespace).

The Istio CNI plugin should not interfere with the operations of the base CNI plugin that configures the pod’s networking setup, although not all CNI plugins have been validated.

See also

Using MOSN with Istio: an alternative data plane

An alternative sidecar proxy for Istio.

Requirements of applications deployed in an Istio-enabled cluster.

Install with Helm

Install and configure Istio for in-depth evaluation.

Install the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI.

Expanding into New Frontiers - Smart DNS Proxying in Istio

Workload Local DNS resolution to simplify VM integration, multicluster, and more.

A mechanism to acquire and share an application certificate and key through mounted files.